The beginning of the New Year is a time when many people resolve to improve aspects of their health and lifestyle. Many will resolve to improve their diet, either because they want to reduce their weight, or because they want to improve their nutritional health. Even after deciding to improve their diet, some people may have difficulty doing so. They may?have well-developed unhealthy eating patterns, or they may not be?well informed about what they should be eating to make their diet healthier. Obtaining good information about healthy eating is therefore an important part of improving diet.
A healthy diet is one in which energy is consumed in the same quantities as it is expended, and which contains all essential dietary nutrients (e.g. protein, vitamins and minerals). The total amount of energy an individual should consume will vary depending on gender, age and exercise habits. All people should source their energy from a variety of food groups and include plenty of fruits, vegetables and wholegrain cereals, and only small amounts of fat.
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) recommend that adult women consume foods from the following groups in the following proportions each day:
Fruit: 2 servings (one serving is a medium piece of fruit or equivalent);Vegetables: 5 servings (one serving is 75 g of cooked vegetables or a cup of raw salad vegetables);Cereals: 4–9 servings (one serving is two slices of bread; one cup of cooked rice or equivalent);Dairy products: 2 servings (one serving is 250 mL of milk, 40 g of cheese, or?200 g of yoghurt);Lean meat, poultry, fish and legumes: 1 serving (one serving is 65–100 g of cooked meat or equivalent);Fats and sugars: In small quantities, occasionally.Adult men should consume the following quantities of the following foods each day:
Fruit: 2 servings (one serving is a medium piece of fruit or equivalent);Vegetables: 5 servings (one serving is 75 g of cooked vegetables or a cup of raw salad vegetables);Cereals: 6–12 servings (one serving is two slices of bread; one cup of cooked rice or equivalent);Dairy products: 2 servings (one serving is 250 mL of milk, 40 g of cheese, or?200 g of yoghurt);Lean meat, poultry, fish and legumes: 1 serving (one serving is 65–100 g of cooked meat or equivalent);Fats and sugars: In small quantities, occasionally.
A healthy diet is essential for good health and can reduce the risk of numerous chronic health conditions, including:
Maintaining a healthy diet also helps maintain a healthy weight, which:
Promotes self-esteem;Reduces the likelihood of depression; andGives you more energy to enjoy life.There are many easy ways to improve the nutritional content of the diet and reduce fats and calories. If you are trying to improve your diet, try some of the following tips.
Keep track of how much you eat and don't eat more than you expend
To stop yourself from consuming more energy than you expend and becoming overweight, it is important to monitor how much you eat each day by, for example, using a calorie counter.
Eat a wide variety of foods?every day
An immense variety of fresh and packaged foods are available in Australia, making it easy for Australians to enjoy a diverse and healthy diet. As different types of food provide different nutrients in various quantities (e.g. orange vegetables such as pumpkin and carrot contain lots of vitamin A, while citrus fruits are high in vitamin C), eating a varied diet can help ensure all essential nutrients are obtained through eating. To increase the variety of foods in your diet, why not:
Try a new type of fruit or vegetable every week;Serve food from a variety of groups with each meal (e.g. serve a salad and a glass of milk with breakfast, lunch or dinner);Prepare a healthy eating plan that includes a wide variety of foods and outlines which ones will be eaten each day.
Base your diet on cereals and whole grains
Many individuals try to avoid starchy foods (e.g.?bread, rice and potatoes) when improving their diet, and particularly when trying to lose weight, because they incorrectly believe that starchy foods cause weight gain. On the contrary, starchy foods are an essential source of energy, providing carbohydrates, protein and fibre, and contain only about half as many calories per gram as fats. It is important to base your diet on cereals and grains, and to do that it may be useful to:
Eat plenty of cereals or grains with every meal;Choose wholegrain options (e.g. brown rice, wholemeal bread and high fibre breakfast cereals) as these contain more fibre per gram than other options;Include rice and pasta in your diet, as these options contain less salt than bread;Try new cereals and grains which you haven't tried before or don't eat very often (e.g. couscous or polenta).
Increase fruit and vegetable consumption
Fruit and vegetables provide a variety of essential vitamins and minerals that protect against a range of health conditions and ensure the body functions properly. Include at least two pieces of fruit and five servings of vegetables in the daily diet to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
The majority of Australians do not consume sufficient fruit and vegetables. If you want to improve the fruit and vegetable content of your diet, you could try:
Eat at least two pieces of fruit and five servings of vegetables every day;Eat a variety of vegetables every day, including dark green vegetables, leafy green vegetables, orange vegetables, raw salad vegetables and legumes;Eat fruit and vegetables with every meal;Snack on fruits and vegetables instead of chips, cakes or unhealthy foods;Use fresh as well as frozen and tinned vegetables;Add fruit to breakfast cereal or as a toast topping; andWhere possible, eat the skin of fruit as this contains fibre.
Meet calcium requirements to ensure healthy teeth and bones
Dairy products (e.g. milk, cheese and yoghurt) provide the best and most readily absorbable source of calcium. They are an essential component of a healthy diet. Calcium is an important component of teeth and bones, and inadequate calcium intake early in life increases the risk of bone conditions such as osteoporosis later in life. Consuming adequate amounts of calcium is therefore very important. The following tips may help you to increase your calcium intake:
Reduce fat, salt and sugar intake
Fats (particularly saturated fats) and sugars contain a lot of calories but very few nutrients. Excessive consumption of these foods can cause weight gain and increase the risk of numerous chronic health conditions. Consuming too much salt also increases the risk of chronic health conditions, in particular cardiovascular disorders. In order to reduce consumption of fat, salt and sugar, you could:
Choose lean meat varieties and prepare them without using fat (e.g.?barbecue or grill). Remove the skin and trim the fat from meat before cooking it;Choose unsaturated fats (e.g. olive oil or canola oil) for cooking;Avoid take away and processed foods, as these often contain large quantities of fat, salt or sugar;Avoid fatty, salty and sugary snacks. Choose fresh fruits and vegetables (with low-fat yoghurt) or unsalted nuts or seeds instead;Choose low fat dairy options; andDon't add salt to vegetables or other foods when cooking.
Drink plenty of water
Adults should drink at least eight cups of water every day to maintain good health. When it is hot or you are performing physical activities, you may need to consume even more water. To increase your water consumption:
Drink a glass of water with every meal;Drink water instead of fruit juice, soft drink or alcohol;Carrya bottle of water in your bag so that you can sip it if you become thirsty; andDrink plenty of water during and after physical exercise.
Choose a diet that offers maximum health benefits
Whether the goal is simply to lose weight, or also to improve systemic health, it is important to select a diet low in saturated fats and high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables (e.g. the Mediterranean diet). Maintaining such a diet can help a person to lose weight, and will also reduce their risk of chronic health conditions such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
?For more information on staying healthy in the New Year, including tips on diet, partying, exercise and general health, see Health in the New Year.?
Mental health refers not only to the absence of mental illness, but also to our ability to function in an emotionally and intellectually positive and productive manner. It includes using and developing mental skills, having a feeling of wellbeing, and being able to achieve our goals. Mental health is about how we think, feel and behave, and how this affects our lives.
It has been shown that mental health disorders burden the Australian health system. Families and friends who spend time or live with someone with a mental illness can find it very stressful. People with a mental illness often have a reduced quality of life, physical health and productivity. So improving mental health in the community helps everyone, and improves the quality of life of ourselves and our family and friends.